יציאת מצרים בת 3500 שנה (אנ')

The 3500 year exodus Gotha N°13 September 96 Every jewish is commanded to celebrate Pessah as if the exodus from Egypt happened to him personally. For jews who migrated from Egypt, no matzah is necessarily eaten. Judith Sudlowsky He remembers how every year they used to place crumbled pieces of matzah into a folded piece of cloth which was passed from person to person, each putting the bundle on his shoulder and the others asking "where are you from? To which came the answer: "Egypt". And then "where are you going?". The answer: "to Jerusalem". A significant jewish presence in Egypt after the first exodus can be traced back to the time of Jeremiah, but it wasn't until the conquest of Alexander The great in 332 BCE that there was a second wave of jewish migration. Later Babylonian jews also made their way to Egypt, and during the rule of Saladin many jewish scholars from Christian countries settled there, including Maimonides Mehemet Ali The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 brought prosperity and commerce, and the jewish population grew with increased migration from Europe. The fate of Egyptian Jewry varied as power changed hands from Saladin to the Mamelukes, to the Ottoman Turks until it became an independent Kingdom. Around the time of World War 1, Sephardi jews joined the ranks of Egyptian Jewry, as did some Ashkenazi jews expelled from Palestine after refusing Ottoman citizenship. For the most part, relations between jews and Moslems were peaceful and jews served in the government. Each jewish community maintained its own traditions, but there was no tension between Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Egyptian-born jews. Even a small Cairo community of Karaite jews - who accept the only the Written Law - were a part of the Egyptian jewish community. The majority of jews were concentrated in Cairo and Alexandria, with only some 4 percent living in other towns such as Port-Said and Ismailia. As with other foreigners, most jews were not granted Egyptian citizenship. Ironically, Yasser Arafat was born to live in the Hasakobini neighborhood of Cairo which was one of the most populous jewish areas. The Egyptian jewish community was vibrant one; there were numerous jewish schools, yeshivot, hospitals, and newspapers, and 29 synagogues in Cairo alone. Zionist organisations including Hashomer Hatzair, Bnei Akiva and Hehalutz were very active, as were the Zionist Federation and the Jewish National Fund. The Zionist movement was bolstered by the presence of Palestinian jews. When Chaim Weizman came for a visit before the Balfour Declaration, he was welcomed by thousands of Jews. Zeev Jabotinsky also came to Egypt to recruit Jews for his role in compulsory World War I. Riots in November 1945 ended with an attack on Cairo's Jewish Quarter - the first destructions. Synagogues, clinics and old age homes were burned and Jews were killed and injured. But only after the establishment of Israel did the real violence begin. Jews were not allowed to leave Egypt without permission; hundreds of Jews were arrested, their property confiscated. Some 250 were killed or injured by bomb blasts in Jewish neighbourhoods, and Jewish businesses were looted. Before the War of Independence, Jews were able to take the train from Cairo all the way to Tel Aviv. Operation Palesh. The Zionist groups played an important role in getting Jews out of Egypt. According to a soon to be released book by Michael Laskier, the Egyptian authorities seemed to ignore the illegal emigration during the first weeks of the War of Independence, but that didn't last long. Laskier names Menashe Sutton, owner of Sutton Travel Agency (American Lloyd) in Cairo, as having played an important role in obtaining travel documents and visas. When necessary, he bribed foreign and Egyptian consulate officials to obtain permission for Jews to leave Egypt. Laskier also says there were Jews such as Eliyahu Brekhu (an Alexandria native) and Haim Shoel working secretly as aliyah emissaries from Israel. This time, the exodus from Egypt took almost 19 years, and there was no single Moses who led the Jews through the Red Sea. The escape took place in spurts, and the routes leading to Israel varied, with two big waves of immigration in 1948-1957. Jews from Egypt went by boat to Europe, and from there made their way back to Israel, said Bramley, who, along with the thousands, had come to Israel by way of Europe using forged papers, between 1950 and 1953. There are now 38,000 former Egyptian Jews living in Israel, according to the Encyclopedia Judaica, and there are also smaller communities in Brazil, France, the USA, Great Britain & Argentina. Jews with money did not come to Israel. Under the regime of Gen. Mohamed Naguib, the situation of the Jews improved. But when Nasser took power in 1956, he immediately arrested 100 Jews for Zionist and communist activities. 2 Jews - Moses Leo Marzouk, a Karate surgeon, and Samuel Bakhor Azar were sentenced to death. Jews were forced to donate money to the armed forces and their businesses were strictly controlled. Some businesses were confiscated, while others were forcibly sold to the government. Immediately following the Suez Campaign, about 3000 Jews were arrested, and thousands were given only a few days to leave the country. They were forbidden to take their money with them. The deportation continued into 1957, by which time there were only about 850 Jews in Egypt. During the Six Day War, those few Jews still holding passports were discharged and hundreds of others were arrested and tortured. Some Jews remained in detention until 1970, by which time there were only about 1000 Jews still living in Egypt. They were then all given permission to leave but were not allowed to take their possessions. Only a few hundred people remained behind, and during the Yom Kippur War their complete was [UNCLEAR]. Once the Egyptian Jews arrived in Israel they integrated into Israeli society almost unnoticed, said Alwan. "There aren't jokes about Egyptian Jews, like there are jokes about Persians, Kurds or [UNCLEAR] we did not make too many waves." (לא עושים גלים)